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After the surgery the animals were maintained under a 12 hour light/12 hour dark cycle and were closely monitored and gently handled for 5 minutes per day, 5-6 days after the surgery was performed [2]

Additionally, oxidative stress can lead to DNA mutations and breaks, which increase the fragmentation of sperm DNA

For references and more information, see the safety section in the Niacin article

Adv Sci 8:2100241 Hu Q, Xu K, Huang X, Huang S, Wang Z, Lu W et al (2024) Construction of an anticancer system based on medi-MOF-1 and Mn ions for theranostic application

* Cysteine and L-Methionine - Amino acids known to thicken hair

The transmembrane protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2), which is expressed on keratinocytes and has an important role in the formation of melanocyte dendrites and the phagocytosis of melanosomes by keratinocytes [129, 130], could also be specifically blocked by compounds to decrease epidermal pigmentation [131]