GPX4, a selenocysteine-containing enzyme, utilizes GSH to reduce toxic phospholipid hydroperoxides (PL-OOHs) to non-toxic phospholipid alcohols (PL-OHs), thereby disrupting lipid peroxidation chain reactions and preventing oxidative cell injury (Pontel et al., 2022)
Bulk RNA-seq comparing B16-GM and B16-F10 cells corroborated suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and glutathione metabolism in B16-GM, indicating that ferroptosis was not dominant, while TLR/NLR and cytosolic DNA-sensing (PRR) pathways were activated (Supplementary Fig
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Daily doses for BPC-157 and GHK-Cu, twice-weekly for TB-500
In this way, glutathione not only protects against oxidative stress but also supports detoxification while strengthening immune defenses